The term “oikeiôsis” is a significant concept in Stoic philosophy, referring to the natural process by which individuals recognize something as their own or as belonging to themselves. This recognition fosters a sense of affinity or endearment toward oneself and others. The word derives from the Greek “oikos,” meaning “household” or “family,” indicating a sense of belonging or being “at home.”
In Stoic ethics, oikeiôsis is considered the foundation of all animal impulses and human ethical actions. It begins with self-preservation and extends outward, encompassing care for others and forming the basis for social relationships and justice. The Stoic philosopher Hierocles illustrated this concept using concentric circles, starting with the self and expanding to family, community, and eventually all of humanity. This model emphasizes the ethical duty to reduce the distance between these circles, thereby increasing our sense of kinship with all people.
Understanding oikeiôsis provides insight into the Stoic view of personal development and ethical behavior, highlighting the progression from self-awareness to universal concern.